Foreshortening is a technique used in figure drawing to create the illusion of an object receding strongly into the background. It helps to convey depth and perspective, making your drawings more dynamic and lifelike. In this article, we’ll explore three diverse examples of foreshortening in figure drawing, breaking down each instance so you can practice and apply these techniques in your own art.
This example features a figure reaching forward, allowing us to see the effect of foreshortening on the arm. In this context, imagine a person reaching for an object on a high shelf.
To draw this, start by sketching a basic outline of the figure. As the arm extends forward, create a tapered effect by making the arm appear wider closer to the shoulder and narrower as it extends outward. This contrast in width gives the illusion that the arm is coming towards the viewer. Pay attention to the hand, ensuring it appears closer to the viewer compared to the shoulder.
Notes: When practicing, try varying the angle of the arm to see how it affects the perception of depth. You can also experiment with different poses, such as a bent arm in a different direction.
In this example, we have a figure kneeling on the ground, with one leg closer to the viewer than the other. This is a common pose in figure drawing, especially for dynamic scenes or storytelling.
Begin by sketching the figure’s basic shape and placement. Focus on the leg that is closest to the viewer; it should appear larger and more pronounced than the leg that is further back. The perspective will naturally elongate the upper leg, making it appear shorter in comparison to the closer knee and foot. Adding details like the calf muscle and the foot can enhance the foreshortening effect further.
Notes: To deepen your understanding, draw the same pose from different angles. Notice how the foreshortening changes based on the viewer’s perspective.
This example involves a figure in a dynamic pose, such as a dancer or an athlete twisting their torso. This scenario provides an excellent opportunity to illustrate foreshortening in both the torso and limbs.
Start by sketching the figure in a twisting motion. When the torso twists, the side that faces the viewer should appear broader, while the back appears narrower. As you draw the arms, the one that is extended forward should look much larger than the other arm, which is positioned further back. The legs can also show foreshortening; for instance, the leg that is closer may appear much larger than the one that is behind it.
Notes: Use reference images of dancers or athletes in motion to see how foreshortening plays out in real life. Experiment with different styles and levels of exaggeration to find what works best for your artistic voice.